ZT <纽约时报>:成吉思汗大扩张过程中的基因传播

<纽约时报>:成吉思汗大扩张过程中的基因传播
Genes on the March
作者:以此类推 发布日期:2012-03-20 浏览:7744
译文简介:
因为我有莲花白的肤色和像鱿鱼一样的墨色的头发，我的妈妈总是说我一定具有一部分蒙古人的血统，每每我都好奇的问：“是不是有些东西你没有告诉我？”我知道，在我出生之后妈妈和爸爸去了蒙古旅游，我所不知道的是，地球上每200个男人就有一个和成吉思汗多多少少有点关系。
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文章链接：http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/03/genes-on-the-march/
正文翻译:


正文：
MY mother alwayssaid I must be part Mongolian, because of my lotus-pale complexion and squid-inkblack hair. “Something you’re not telling me?” I was tempted to ask. But I knewshe’d visited Mongolia with my father long after I was born. What I didn’t knowis that one out of every 200 males on earth is related to Genghis Khan.

因为我有莲花白的肤色和像鱿鱼一样的墨色的头发，我的妈妈总是说我一定具有一部分蒙古人的血统，每每我都好奇的问：“是不是有些东西你没有告诉我？”我知道，在我出生之后妈妈和爸爸去了蒙古旅游，我所不知道的是，地球上每200个男人就有一个和成吉思汗多多少少有点关系。

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：以此类推 转载请注明出处

An internationalteam of geneticists conducting a 10-year study of men living in what once wasthe Mongolian empire has discovered that a surprisingly large number share theidentical Y chromosome, which is passed down only from father to son. Oneindividual’s Y chromosome can be found in 16 million men in Asia, fromManchuria, near the Sea of Japan, to Uzbekistan and Afghanistan in CentralAsia.

一支国际遗传学家组成的科研队对蒙古帝国曾经一度统治过的地方的男人进行了长达十年的研究，研究发现，一个数量惊人的群体具有相同的Y染色体，而这样的染色体只能有父亲遗传给儿子。在亚洲，拥有这样的染色体的人群达一千六百万之众，分布在满洲，日本近海地区，到中亚的乌兹别克斯坦和阿富汗。

The likeliest candidate is Genghis Khan, awarlord who raped and pillaged one town after another, killing all the men andimpregnating the women, sowing his seed from China to eastern Europe. Though legendcredits Genghis Khan with many wives and offspring, he didn’t need to do allthe begetting himself to ensure that his genes would flourish. His sonsinherited the identical Y chromosome from him, as did their sons and theirsons’ sons down a long, winding Silk Road of legitimate and illegitimateprogeny.

最有可能的始作俑者是成吉思汗，作为一个大军阀，从中国到东欧，一个接一个城镇进行奸淫掳掠，杀死所有的男人，让女人们怀孕，传播他罪恶的种子。传说他妻妾成群，子女众多，所以他完全没有必要做这些以保证他子孙兴旺。他的儿子们从他那里遗传了相同的“Y”染色体，子子孙孙代代相传，沿着丝绸之路，通过正统血脉或私生子蔓延开来。

His equally warlikeoldest son, Tushi, had 40 legitimate sons (and who knows how manymisbegotten), and his grandson Kublai Khan, who figured so large inMarco Polo’s life, had 22 sons. Their genes scattered exponentially in an everwidening fan, and the process really picked up speed in the 20th century, whencars, trains and airplanes began propelling genes around the planet andstretching the idea of “courting distance,” which used to be only 12 miles —how far a man could ride on horseback to visit his sweetheart and return homethe same day. Now it’s commonplace to have children with someone from thousandsof miles, even half a world, away.

和他一样好战的大儿子术赤有40个合法的儿子（鬼知道他有多少个私生子呢），而孙子忽必烈，有22个儿子，他占据了马可波罗生活中比较大的篇幅。他们的基因广泛的散布开来，而在20世纪，的今天，其进程仍在继续，火车、汽车和飞机更是推进了其在全球范围内的传播。拓展到一个说法，“求爱距离”，过去仅仅是12英里，这有远呢？一名男子跨上他的马背去和他的情人幽会，而当天就可以返回，而如今，要想和一个人想要个孩子就更为便捷，甚至是跨越半个地球。

Khan wasn’t tryingto create a world in his image; his fiercest instincts had a mind of their own,and his savage personality spurred them on. Most people don’t run amok onmurderous sprees, thank heavens, but history is awash with Khan-like wars andmayhem. In their wake, gene pools often change. One can onlysurmise that wiping out the genes of others and planting your own (what we callgenocide) must come naturally to our kind, as it does to some other animals,from ants to lions.

可汗并不是想按照他的模样建立一个世界，而是他好斗的本性和野蛮的个性使然。大部分人都不是天生的杀人狂，谢天谢地，但是历史却弥漫着像可汗发动的那样的战争和暴行。跟随着他们的行迹，基因库常常发生变化。可以假定，抹杀别人的基因，留下自己的基因（我们所谓的种族灭绝）是人类的本能，就像其他动物，从蚂蚁到大象都一样。

Typically,wandering male lions attack a pride, drive off the other males and kill theiroffspring. Then they mate with the females, ensuring that only the invaders’genes will flourish. A colony of ants will slaughter millions of neighbors,provided they’re not family (somehow they can spot or whiff geographicallydistant kin they haven’t met before). Human history is riddled with similardramas, but they are war’s legacy, an unconscious motive, not a blueprint foraction.

作为典型，流浪的雄狮会攻击一个狮群，赶走其他雄狮并杀掉他们的后代，然后与母狮交配，确保只有自己的基因可以遗传。如果不是有血缘关系，蚂蚁会杀死上百万只遭到入侵的邻居（不知道他们是如何能认出谁和他们有血缘关系的，即使他们从未遇到过）。人类的历史充满着相似的剧目，但仅是战争的衍生物，具有随机性，而不是刻意的计划。

Except once. DuringWorld War II, Hitler and his henchmen devised an agenda, bothpolitical and genetic, that was nothing less than the Nazificationof nature. The human cost is well known: the extermination of millions while,in baby farms scattered around Europe, robust SS menand blond, blue-eyed women produced thousands of babies to use as seed stockfor Hitler’s new master race. What’s little known is that their scheme forredesigning nature didn’t stop with people. The best soldiers needed to eat thebest food, which Nazi biology argued could grow only from the purest of seeds.So using eugenics, a method of breeding to emphasize specific traits, the Nazishoped to invade the genetic spirals of evolution, seizecontrol and replace “unfit” foreign crops and livestock with pure ones.

有一次除外，在第二次世界大战期间，希特勒和他的心腹设计了一个政治和遗传计划，完全是纳粹主义，人类的价值被广为人知：当时上百万人被灭绝，育婴所遍布欧洲，为制造一个希特勒高级种族，强壮的党卫军男人和金发碧眼的女人配种，生产出成千上万的婴儿。而少为人知的是，他们重新设计人种的计划一直都没有被停止，纳粹的生物学家主张，最好的士兵需要吃最好的食物，而最好的食物来自于最纯的种子。于是，根据优生学，通过培育以加强某种特定的特征，抓住控制，替换掉不合适的外国作物和家畜。

To that end, theycreated an SS commando unit for botanicalcollection, which was ordered to raid the world’s botanical gardens andinstitutes and steal the best specimens. Starting with Poland, they planned onusing slave labor to drain about 100,000 square miles of wetlands. Drainingthe marshes might well have lowered the water table and created a dust bowl,and it would certainly have killed the habitat of wolves, geese, wild boar andmany other native species, but despoilers rarely see downstreamfrom events.

为此，他们专门为收集各种植物成立了一只党卫军突击队，劫掠全世界的植物园和植物研究所，偷取最好的样本。从波兰开始，他们驱使奴工排干了十万平方英里的湿地，这可能已经造成了该区域水位的下降和被风沙侵蚀，当然也让这地方如狼、天鹅、野猪等许多野生动物流离失所，失去家园，但是这些强盗很少理会这些。

Elsewhere, theNazis proposed planting fo rests to sweeten the climate so that it was morefavorable for their own crops, and they spoke openly about reshapingthe landscape to better suit Nazi ideals. That revision included people,railways, animals and land alike, even the geometry of farm fields (no acuteangles below 70 degrees) and the alignment of trees and shrubs (only onnorth-south or east-west axes). It’s bone-chilling how close they came to afeat of genetic domination that dwarfs all of Genghis Khan’s exploits.

在其他地方，纳粹们计划种植森林以优化环境，这将有利于他们自己的作物，他们公开申明按照他们的理想，风景将变得更加优美。那次重新规划包含了民族、铁路、动物和土地，甚至是农场的形状都要经过几何规划，树木的排列要成行成列。他们对遗传的控制，让人从骨子里透出寒气，让成吉思汗的丰功伟绩相形见绌。

Today, though wedeplore genocide, it stubbornly persists, and we may have our work cut out forus because it seems to tap a deeply rooted drive.But how about the more gradual eradication of genes,without fanfare, perhaps even driven by good motives?

今天，虽然我们谴责种族灭绝行为，然而这事却一直在顽强地延续着，可能我们的工作转移了我们的注意力，但在内心深处却有着根深的驱使力。但是如何看待越来越逐步消失的基因呢，甚至也许是处于善意的原因？

We’re dabbling ineugenics all the time, breeding ideal crops to replace less aesthetic ornutritious or hardy varieties; leveling forests to graze cattle or erectshopping malls and condos; planting groves of a few familiar trees thathomeowners and industries prefer. On factory farms, the animals are nowessentially clones. The same is true in plant nurseries. We’re at a dangerousage in our evolution as a species — clever, headstrong, impulsive and farbetter at tampering with nature than understanding it. Who knows what vanishinglife forms — and their DNA — we may one day regret losing?

我们一直都在实践着优生学，培育理想作物替代哪些不美观的、缺乏营养的或者是不耐寒的品种；砍伐森林平整土地用于养牛，或者建购物中心，又或者建造公寓；种植相似的树木用于私家花园或者工业用途。在大型饲养场，如今动物基本上都是无性繁殖或克隆，在植物苗圃里也发生着相同的一幕。作为一个物种，我们已经处于一个进化的危险时代。我们自作聪明，刚愎自用，冲动任性，我们在干预自然的路上走的越来越远，也许有一天，谁知道呢，我们会遗憾地发现许多生命形式和他们的DNA已经消失不见。

When my mother teased about my being part Mongolian, shemay have been right, since Genghis Khan and his clan reached into Russia, homeof some of my ancestors. But I like knowing that the further back one tracesany lineage the narrower the path grows, to the haunt ofjust a few shaggy ancestors, with luck on their side, little gizmos in theircells and a future storied with impulses and choices that will ultimatelydefine them.

当我妈妈取笑我有蒙古血统时，也许她是对的，因为成吉思汗和他的宗族到达了俄罗斯，也许闯入了我某个祖宗的家。但是我愿意知道的是，一个更远的故事，沿着狭窄的直系血脉通道，追溯到一个还是满身是毛的祖先常呆的地方，幸运的话，能看到可以最终能定义他们在他们小空间里能发现的一些小发明，和一些一时冲动和良机而有的将来发生的小故事。
评论翻译:


以下是评论部分：

Tengr西伯利亚
1st, Ms. Ackermanlooks nothing like Turko-Mongols. Looks VERY muchSemitic Jewish (Mediterranean in general: Greek/Arab/Sicily).
2nd, to: kumru, ES, Abu al-Sous:recent genetic studies show Jews are Semites. Christians in Europe (Germans,Slavs, Balts, etc.) could always tell Jews when they saw them, even if the Jewsweren't dressed Jewish (same with Gypsies). Turko-Mongolians living in Russiaand Central Asia/Caucasus today, consider the mighty Khazars oneof their ancestors (along with the mightier Mongols). Khazars were mostlyMuslim, Christian, and pagans - only some of their rulers for a short timeannounced Jewishness - when it suited them politically. Stop reading amateur"historians" like Arthur Koestler - they're making money off of you.Also, when Mongols were raping Russians in the 13th/14th/15th cent., Jews werestill in Germany/Poland - they did not fall under Russia until Catherine theGreat annexed Poland. Then, during the 19th cent. and 20th cent. many wealthysecular Jews chose to intermix with non-Jews, like the Ukrainians/Russians, andthats how some of them may have received Asiatic genes. But it wasnt fromKhazars/Mongols - stop taking away the ancestors of living Turko-Mongols andassigning them to someone else for political reasons. It hasn't worked in the20th cent. and it wont work now, especially given the results of the latestgenetics studies. If you want to get your land back, use REAL means - notpseudohistory on the internet.

首先，楼主阿克曼女士看起来一点都不像突厥蒙古人，更像是闪族犹太人（一般指地中海地区：希腊、阿拉伯、西西里等地）。

第二，回复楼下kumru, ES, Abual-Sous等人：最近的遗传学研究表明，犹太人是闪族人，生活在欧洲的基督徒们（德国人、斯拉夫人、波罗的海东南岸立陶宛人、拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚人）在看到犹太人时总是一眼就可以认出来，即使他们没有穿着传统犹太人的服装（就像吉普赛人一样）。今天，生活在俄罗斯和中亚高加索地区的突厥蒙古人，认为可萨人（译者：即西突厥民族）也可能是他们的祖先（和蒙古人一样可能）。可萨人几乎都是穆斯林、基督徒或异教徒，只有一些他们的统治者曾经因为政治需求在很短的时间里宣布他们是犹太人。不要再看外行的“史学家”诸如亚瑟凯斯特勒之流，他们只是想从你们这里挣钱。同时，从13世纪到15世纪期间，当蒙古人在俄罗斯奸淫掳掠的时候，犹太人还仅仅龟缩在德国和波兰，直到凯瑟琳大帝兼并了波兰。然后，在19世纪和20世纪，许多富有的犹太人选择和非犹太人如乌克兰人和俄罗斯人混居，这就说明了他们中有些人可能已经有了亚洲人的基因，但是不是来自于可萨人或蒙古人。不要因为什么政治原因就去将突厥蒙古人的祖先张冠李戴，在20世纪没有得逞，现在也不会，尤其是最近又有了最新的遗传学研究成果。如果你们想要回你们的领土，就拿出点真手段，不要在互联网上来胡扯假历史。

（译者注：凯瑟琳大帝即叶卡捷琳娜二世。在俄罗斯帝国历史上，只有两个皇帝获得了“大帝”的名号：一个是帝国奠基人彼得一世，另一个就是叶卡捷琳娜二世。叶卡捷琳娜二世的统治时间持续了近35年，整个十八世纪后半期的俄罗斯就是她的历史活动舞台。进入叶卡捷琳娜时代，俄罗斯跨进了世界列强行列，并因积极干预欧洲事务被称作“欧洲宪兵”。俄罗斯在十九世纪的强势，很大程度上得益于叶卡捷琳娜时代奠定的基础。其后来者，包括叶卡捷琳娜的儿子保罗一世、孙子亚历山大一世，此后的亚历山大二世、尼古拉一世、亚历山大三世和末代沙皇尼古拉二世等六位皇帝，在治国政绩上无人能出其右。

叶卡捷琳娜二世推行了一系列改革措施，强化了国家政权，将农奴制推上了发展顶峰。在她在位期间，俄罗斯领土得到了极大的扩张，在这方面的主要成就就是将克里木半岛和黑海沿岸的土地并入版图，俄罗斯还参与瓜分了波兰，两次发动对土耳其的战争，均以辉煌的胜利告终。在这一时期，俄罗斯在南方得到了极大扩张，沙俄势力跨过了高加索山。

在叶卡捷琳娜执政期间，俄罗斯人口由1763年的2320万人上升至3740万人，无论领土面积，还是人口数量，都是欧洲第一大国。据历史学家克留切夫斯基记载，俄罗斯军队人数也从16万人上升到31万，海军战列舰数量由21艘上升至67艘，巡洋舰数量由6艘上升到40艘，国库收入由最初的1600万卢布上升至6900万卢布，对外贸易额和俄罗斯货币周转总量也得到了成倍增长。摘自百度）

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：以此类推 转载请注明出处

Oto英国
Poor lady. Leastshe could consider the situation around the world in 13th century. As I knowevery one was fighting each other and all kings, riches had may wives, childrenoutside family in any country! Can't compare 20th century murder!

可怜的女士，至少她可以考虑一下13世纪的世界形势，据我所知，那时每个人都在相互争斗，每个国家所有的国王和权贵在外都有很多妻子和孩子！不能和20世纪的谋杀相提并论！

TsendpurevTsegmid英国利兹
I alreadycommented on this article under my Anglicised name 'Cindy'. Finally,decided that my profile on NYTimes was worth updating with my real name despiteits annoying headline emails which I can't unsubscribe from. Anyway, I am aMongolian living in the UK. I don't worship or vilify Temuujin orChingghis Khaan. He was a significant individual with a big ambition forMongolia and he definitely left his mark in the history not necessarily throughhis 'genes' but by his actions. Again, I very much doubt that he had to 'rape'anyone to have children. The world was under his feet and the kingdoms weresending their princesses to develop familial relationship with him. Theacademics say that the history of Mongol Empire has been written by its victimsnot by victors like many assume and hence the negative stereotype was born. Helived in 13th Century and his actions were not that different from many othercountries who were at war each other around that time. Many argue over how manypeople his conquest killed. No one knows. But a very few interested in how manyhe saved, nurtured, defended and forgave. He has changed the map the world fora better or worse. It is very irresponsible to make assumptions likein this article after centuries of research into Mongol Empire and ChingghisKhaan. If you are interested in more balanced research about the Empire, lookat works of Russian and Central Asian academics such as A.V. Popov, A.M.Posdneev and V.A. Kazakevich etc...

我已经用我的英国名字“cindy”回复了这篇文章，但是，这值得我用真名字在纽约时报我的主页上作更新，虽然令我老火的是它的头条新闻我不能订阅。不管怎么说，我是个生活在英国的蒙古人，我不会赞誉或诋毁铁木真或成吉思汗。他是一个意义非凡的个体，一个对蒙古有远大抱负的人，他的所作所为在历史上留下了浓墨重彩的一笔，而不需要靠他的“基因”。再次，我很是怀疑他不得不去奸淫什么人才能有要孩子，事实上，世界在他的脚下，那些王国都想通过他们的公主与他联姻以取得好的关系。学术研究表明蒙古帝国的历史是由战败国编写的而不是帝国自己，所以那些消极的固定模式就产生了。他生活在13世纪，他的行为和许许多多其他国家之间的相互战争没什么两样，有许多人都在辩论在他的征服过程中到底杀死了多少人，没有人知道，而很少有人有兴趣他到底救了多少人，养育了多少人，保卫了多少人和宽恕了多少人。无论如何，他改变了世界的版图。在经过几百年的对于蒙古帝国和成吉思汗的研究，这样的文章真是不可理喻缺乏责任感。如果你真的对帝国中肯的研究感兴趣，请参考俄罗斯和中亚的一些研究机构如A.V. Popov, A.M. Posdneev 和 V.A. Kazakevich等等。

Michael H洛杉矶
This writer appearsto have a very poor grasp of the relevant human history and population geneticsin general. The result is poorly informed and sexist blather.

本文作者明显表现出对相关人类历史和群体遗传学知之甚少，结果苍白无力并有性歧视等胡说八道。

bucs79美国佛罗里达
Oh and thank youto all the commenters for helping me decide on my next audible selection. JackWeatherford's, "Genghis Khan and the making of the Modern World".

啊哈，谢谢所有的评论，这让我决定了我的下一个有声读物，来自杰克威瑟福德的《成吉思汗和现代世界的成功之道》。

James Jordan美国弗吉尼亚
Thought provokingbut a crusher for an idealist who believed that we homo sapiens can eventuallyeliminate war. ... Of even greater concern is how we are applying ourintelligence to monocropping and genetic modification of our food supply. Thereare real concerns in this area. I hope you will devote some of your researchand writing time to these issues. We need a new "Silent Spring" onthe impact of pharmaceuticals and chemicals especially hormones on our foodsupply and the fish in our streams.

想想都让人生气，但这也对那些认为人类战争会最终消失的理想主义者一个打击。。。。我们如何在我们食物供应的作物单一制和杂交上运用我们的聪明才智，在这片领域还有真正需要关切的事情，我希望你的研究和创作更多专注于这些领域，我们需要一个新的《沉寂的春天》来关注医药品和化学品特别是激素对我们食物的影响，还有对我们河流里的鱼类的影响。

（译者：《沉寂的春天》1962年在美国问世时，是一本很有争议的书，是标志着人类首次关注环境问题的著作。它那惊世骇俗的关于农药危害人类环境的预言，不仅受到与之利害攸关的生产与经济部门的猛烈抨击，而且也强烈震撼了社会广大民众。是美国女作家雷切尔卡森的著作，她是生态文学史上里程碑式的人物。她以一系列将艺术与科学有机结合的作品表现了大自然的美丽神奇，揭示了重大的环境问题，掀起了世界范围的生态意识浪潮。）

Bernard台湾
This has to beone of the most uneducated diatribes I've read, from such a"respectable" news source and an author who doesn't seem to be acollege student trying to get an A on a history paper due tomorrow.--you know,the kind that just writes what they think without doing even a little bit ofreading. I think even Wikipedia would've sufficed to...educate you onChinggis's story. At first I assumed the raping and pillaging was some sortof...satire? You know, 2012 and all, I almost knew that people were not stillso ignorant about "the tyrant lord 'Genghis' Khan,"the myth stretched out throughout most of white history books to demonize theindividual through largely fiction not fact. Ditto to the Hitler comparison. Ithink your next article should be about a history of African genes and how theywere spread by bone-in-the-nose totting', drum-banging "savages", inline with the academic tone of this article. Good job.

这可能是我看过的最无知的一个描述了，尤其是在这样的一个“值得尊重的”新闻来源，尤其是这样的一个作家，她看上去已经不是那些想在明天的历史试卷上获得A的大学学生了。。。。你们都知道，这种人就是想到什么就写什么，甚至连资料都懒得翻一翻。我想，就连维基百科都有足够的信息，足以让你补补关于成吉思汗故事的课了。首先，我先假定这奸淫掳掠有点儿。。。讽刺?

2012年了，甚至以前，我都不知道人们还仍然对《暴君成吉思汗》这样无知，虚构的故事延伸到了历史书里，大量的小说妖魔化了他，但这些都不是事实。同上，对于希特勒，我想你的下一篇论文一定是用与这篇论文一样的调调，全篇运用生涩的学术词汇语句，写关于非洲基因及如何通过鼻子里穿骨头的小孩和敲锣打鼓的“奴隶”传播的历史吧。。。干的不错！

Ceadan新泽西
"Khan"isn't a surname. It was Genghis's title as ruler of the Mongols.

“大汗”不是姓，而是成吉思汗作为蒙古统治者的头衔。

Ken Gedan佛罗里达
"and thealignment of trees and shrubs"
Ms. Ackerman,
Is this somehow related to Romney's commentthat "the trees in Michigan are just the right height"? Was Romneysending a political message to the ultra-ultra right-wingers to get a few moreprecious votes?
Is Romney a nut whisperer?

引用“让树木成行成列“

阿克曼女士：
不知怎么的，这是不是和Romney关于“密西根的树木都右边长的高”的论调有关呀？是不是Romney给右翼极端势力发送一些政治信息以获得一些更珍贵的选票？
Romney是个搬弄是非的小人？

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：以此类推 转载请注明出处

Konig美国德州
Calling Genghis'conquests "genocide" (genetically motivated massacre), and thereforesubtly comparing him to Hitler, is extremely ignorant. Genghis lived in the13th century medieval period where war and killing was common place. I won'tdeny that Genghis' war tactics were brutal and he was not at all hesitant aboutwiping out cities if necessary, but his motivation was not genes. That was justan after effect. His motivation was to eliminate those who oppose him. Thereare plenty of examples where the opponents were spared, regardless of genes (orreligion for that matter), if they surrendered and cooperated.

称成吉思汗征服为“种族灭绝”并巧妙地和希特勒进行类比，真是及其无知。成吉思汗生活在中世纪时期的13世纪，那时杀戮是件司空见惯的事情。我不想否定成吉思汗的战争是残忍的，当需要的时候，他一点也不会犹豫将整个城市铲平，但是他的动机不是基因，那仅仅是附带影响，他的动机是消灭那些反对他的人，如果敌人投降或作出合作，有大量的敌人被宽恕的例子，而不是基因的考量（或者是宗教原因）。

As a gifted conqueror, Genghis can be comparedto a wild force of nature, spreading destruction or victory without giving anyconcern to such human matters as race, genetics, religion, cultures orcountries.

作为一个天才征服者，成吉思汗可以比作大自然狂野的力量，充满破坏与成功，不必任何担心人类的事情，如种族、遗传、宗教、风俗和国家。

Doublecreek中国
In Chinesehistory it is recorded, in a diary of a Chinese traveler to his camp inSamarkand, that Genghis Khan had to be carried out of the harem tents everymorning because he was too weak to walk.

中国的历史也有所记载，在一本中国旅者撒马尔罕的日记里，成吉思汗不得不用帐篷抬着出行，因为他太虚弱以至不能走路。

But basically, the killing of male offspringand taking their wives and daughters is nothing new and can also be witnessedin changes in languages and burial customs in early Europe. For example, inBritain the Celtic males were nearly extinguished by invading Germanssupplanting their genes.

但是基本上，杀死男性后代并抢走他们的妻子和女儿早就不是什么新鲜事，据考证，在早期欧洲，甚至改变语言和殉葬风俗。举个例子，因为德国的入侵，意图取代他们的基因，英国的凯尔特人的男性几乎消亡 。

Trish S.美国新泽西
What time periodare you talking about? The Celts were originally Germanic tribes themselves,originating in the areas today known as Bavaria, Austria, Czechoslovakia,Hungary, Serbia, Slovenia, etc. My understanding is they migrated west around3,000-4,000 BCE

你说的是那一段时期？卡尔特人原本就是日耳曼人的一个部族，起源于现今的德国南部巴伐利亚、奥地利、捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利、塞尔维亚、斯洛文尼亚等地区，我的理解是他们大约在公元前4000年到3000年的向西迁徙。

Seth Rose亚特兰大
Ms. Ackerman goestoo far. All the bananas we eat are clones and have been for many years. Theyare doing just fine as far as I know the millions of people who enjoy theirsustenance are doing fine eating them. In a world with 7 billion people, howcan one expect to feed so many people without mechanized farming? We have"dabbled in eugenics" for 7-10 thousand years in terms of breedingcrops and livestock. That is what we do.

阿克曼女士有点太离谱了。我们所吃的香蕉都是无性繁殖生产的并已经多年。据我所知，他们干的挺好，上百万的人们都喜欢他们的食物。在一个拥有70亿人的世界里，如何期望不进行机械化种植就能养活如此多的人？我们已经简单的饲养家畜和种植作物7000年到一万年时间了，那是我们以前所做的。。

martin braun火星
Oh God! Here wego again with Hitler's SS baby farms...!
There were no baby farms in Germany, the waythat many ignorant people tell the story. There was a lot of propaganda aboutwomen being wheeled into the delivery room and shouting "Heil Hitler!"as their children were born.
But , sorry, no farms and the Party GauLeiters and especially Hitler , (who refused to have a child at all, because heclaimed that children of Great Men always suffered living the their father'sshadow), would never have approved of such a blatant injection of sex intoNational Socialism.Germans would have said it smacked too much of Hollywood andAmerica;s superficiality and lack of culture.
The Germans DID ,however, pay families where the wives produced large numbers of children. Thisis also true in Israel today, as well.
There were NO sex farms , no hunky(orotherwise) blond haired, blue eyed boys moving from bed to bed. . . Sorry.
Sorry. This is part of wartime propaganda thatgot twisted and never got straightened out.
It is similar to the old saw about eatingcarrots to improve night vision ,which was a piece of brilliant if sillyBritish propaganda, used to fool the Germans for a while about the use of radarin fighter aircraft at night, among other things.
As a result of the [passing of propaganda, therest of the article about Genghiz I now hold to be suspect from an historicalpoint of view.

哦，上帝！让我们再来说说希特勒党卫军的育婴所吧。。。。！
有许多无知的人总是说在德国没有那样的育婴所，有许多的宣传，说当女人们被送进分娩房，当孩子出生的时候，还得要喊出“希特勒万岁”的口号。
但是，遗憾的是，从来就没有什么育婴所，那些党员高斯莱特等，尤其是希特勒（他根本上就拒绝要个孩子，因为他认为，伟人的孩子总是会活在他们父亲的阴影下），从来就不赞成在社会主义国家（译者：指德国纳粹社会主义）这样明目张胆的进行组织性行为。德国人会认为这都太有点好莱坞风味和美国式的肤浅，缺乏教养。

德国的确给那些生了许多孩子的家庭补助，而如今，以色列政府还在做着同样的事情。
那里没有帅哥，没有碧眼金发的男孩从一个床转战到另一张床。。。抱歉。
遗憾的是，这只是部分被扭曲的战时宣传，而至今也没有得到平反。这就像是旧的看法，认为吃胡萝卜可以增强夜间视力，这也是愚蠢的英国佬宣传一颗璀璨的亮点

Ape佛罗里达
Wow -- this trulymisunderstands genetics quite deeply. Given the exponential nature ofreproduction, no raping is necessary. Given the male line nature of the Ychromosome, it's not "10%" of males that are descended from someonein the genetic vicinity of Genghis (his father? grandfather?great-grandfather?...) --- but very likely a much, much greater percentage ofthe human race.

喔~~~~~~这真是误解了遗传学太深了。自从有了克隆技术，可以成指数级增长，强奸已经没有必要了。如果按照Y染色体追溯的话，不仅仅只有10%男性是从成吉思汗家族传承下来。。。而是一个占更大百分比比例的人种。

Kumru布鲁克林
Seriously...?!Please read Jack Weatherford before spreading ignorance and stereotypes... Andany member of Eshkhanazi people curious abouttheir "Asian" phenotypes, check out the history of Khazars and theirconversion into Judaism.

你是认真的…?!在你发表这些陈腐的脑残言论之前请先读一读杰克威瑟福德。。。相当数量的德系民众将会很好奇他们的“亚洲”特性，翻一翻可萨人和他们转向犹太教的历史吧。

Jam One曼谷
This is reallyold news, since the 1990's.
By the way, the one in 200 males on Earthquoted in the article, excludes all males from Africa, most males of Chineseand Indian descent, all Australian and New Zealand Aboriginal males, most ofthe males from the indigenous peoples of North and South America and all themales of the West Asian Arabic tribes. So it is not as prevalent outside theCaucasian male population as the author would imply.
The march of the Mongolian army through thesteppes of Central Asia into Europe explains why the Finnish and Hungarianlanguages are so different from the languages in the neighboring countries. Nowan article explaining these linguistic differences would be much moreinteresting that this one.

这真是老新闻了，自从上世纪90年代。

顺便说一下，你文中引用“地球上的每200个男人”，不包括所有非洲的男性、大部分中国男性和印度血统的人、所有澳大利亚和新西兰土著男性、大部分南北美洲的土生土长的男性和西亚阿拉伯部族。所以，这并不像作者暗示的普遍的在外的白人群体。

蒙古军队的行军路程，从中亚到欧洲，解释了为什么芬兰份匈牙利的语言为什么和他们相邻国家的语言是那么的迥异。现在，这样的一篇文章解释语言学的不同比先前的文章要显得更有趣的多。

Stephen美国波特兰
What I findbizarre about this post is its similarity to the premise of a long-ago Harper'sarticle by Jack Hitt -- which, lo and behold, was released in book form justlast month. The timing is awfully suspicious.

我所发现的是，真是奇了怪了，这个帖子的内容和从前杰克希特写的文章是那么的相似，哈，我只是上个月刚看到了那本书，这时间真是让人生疑。

Sainaa蒙古
Deeplydisappointed that NY Times would allow someone to publish her opinions based onfactual, historical inaccuracies. Not only is she insulting a whole host ofnations that are able to be proud of their forefathers after 70 years of notbeing allowed to, but she is also exposing her ignorance. I'm not saying I amnot ignorant, but I think I would at least have the decency to see if myopinions would be extremely offensive to millions of people before publishingthem on NYT.
Ms. Diane Ackerman, if you wish to know aboutthe historically accurate Chinggis Khan and the reverence that Mongolian peoplehold for him from a 100% Mongolian person, please feel free to contact methrough my email supersainaa@yahoo.com

真实太遗憾了，纽约时报竟然会允许有人不根据史实发表她的观点。不仅仅在70年的禁止后，她侮辱了当事民族对他们先辈的荣耀和尊严，还直接暴露了她的无知愚昧。我并不是说我就不那么无知，至少，我想，在纽约时报上发表我的帖子之前，我会审视一下，是否会冒犯上百万的群众。

阿克曼女士，如果你真的想知道历史上真实的成吉思汗和我们100%蒙古人的尊敬，请通过邮箱和我联系。

Seansarto中国
In terms ofmodern day eugenics: Why do you think they refer to it as "POP culture"?It is not only about dominating physical genetic qualities through breeding butdominating the perceptual qualities which leads to "consent" orgenetic success.They can be economic, fashion, etc...your pop culturesensibilities on the surface...How willing you are to go with the crowd.

用现今时髦的话说优生学：你为什么认为他们是指“流行文化”？这不仅仅关于通过饲养的物理的遗传品质，也关乎导致“赞许”或遗传成功的精神品质。他们可能是经济学、时尚等等。。。你对于流行文化的感知流于表面。。。你有多愿意与人群相处呢？